rocks and minerals

QUESTION 1

Minerals must be solid, non-organic, and have a definite internal structure.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 2

Which property of minerals describes how they break along given planes?

fracture

hardness

cleavage

3 points

QUESTION 3

Gypsum and quartz can look very similar. Which test can help you distinguish them?

hardness

luster

acid effervescence

3 points

QUESTION 4

Sphalerite is an important ore source of lead.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 5

The Bushveld area of South Africa is a well-known source of which economic mineral?

sphalerite

pyrite

platinum

3 points

QUESTION 6

A rock is defined as

any hard aggregate in the earth

an aggregate of minerals without specific chemical composition

a substance made of just one chemical element

3 points

QUESTION 7

List and describe at least four different types of luster that minerals may display.

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4 points

QUESTION 8

An igneous rock with small, barely discernible crystals most likely formed

deep within the earth

from a lava flow

below Earth’s surface, near a volcano

3 points

QUESTION 9

Granite is what type of igneous rock?

felsic intrusive

mafic extrusive

ultramafic intrusive

3 points

QUESTION 10

Consider the igneous rocks gabbro, basalt, and peridotite. Discuss the environment of formation for each of these three rocks, specifically addressing where they formed and what types of minerals must have been in the material from which they formed.

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4 points

QUESTION 11

Komatiite is a well-known source of copper ore.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 12

Pillow lava forms when lava spills over dry land and cools quickly.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 13

Which processes are directly responsible for the formation of sediment?

weathering and erosion

lithification and compaction

bedding and compaction

3 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is non-clastic?

conglomerate

rock gypsum

sandstone

3 points

QUESTION 15

Which of the following sedimentary rocks has the SMALLEST grain size?

shale

sandstone

breccias

3 points

QUESTION 16

Give an example of an organic non-clastic sedimentary rock, a chemical non-clastic sedimentary rock, and a clastic sedimentary rock. Discuss the environment and mode of formation for each example.

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4 points

QUESTION 17

Fossils are most often found in igneous rocks but can sometimes be found in sedimentary rocks such as fossiliferous limestone.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 18

The bands of differently colored or structured materials in some sedimentary rocks are called

till

strata

turbidites

3 points

QUESTION 19

Sedimentary rocks can form at the earth’s surface or within the earth.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 20

Layering within metamorphic rocks is called

striations

foliation

banding

3 points

QUESTION 21

Which of the following can contribute to metamorphosis of a rock?

exposure to extreme heat only

exposure to extreme pressure only

both heat and/or pressure

3 points

QUESTION 22

What is the protolith for the metamorphic rock quartzite?

limestone

andesite

sandstone

3 points

QUESTION 23

Which metamorphic rock is commonly formed by contact metamorphism and has non-foliated texture?

gneiss

schist

hornfel

3 points

QUESTION 24

Gneiss is often found in regions that have undergone tectonic deformation.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 25

The metamorphic rock slate is commonly used for roofing materials.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 26

Define each of the following: contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism. Give an example of each.

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4 points

QUESTION 27

Which of the following processes changes molten rock into an extrusive igneous rock?

sedimentation

weathering

crystallization

3 points

QUESTION 28

Which of the following processes is involved in the creation of an igneous rock?

deposition

weathering

crystallization

3 points

QUESTION 29

A rock’s change in shape due to forces acting on it is called

strike

strain

dip

3 points

QUESTION 30

Slippage of one rock block past another is called jointing.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 31

In what type of fault does the hanging wall move upward in relation to the footwall?

normal

thrust

strike-slip

3 points

QUESTION 32

What is the hanging wall?

rocks below a fault plane

rocks above a fault plane

rocks not affected by a fault plane

3 points

QUESTION 33

Dip is expressed as a compass direction and strike is expressed as an angle.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 34

This symbol is from a geologic map. What does the number 15 represent?

number of faults in the area

age of the rock in millions of years

the steepness of the rock’s incline

3 points

QUESTION 35

A contour interval of 20 feet means that every foot on a given topographic map represents 20 feet on the earth.

True

False

2 points

QUESTION 36

On a topographic map, contour lines represent changes in rock ages.

True

False

2 points