Alfred Wegener is best known for developing
the relationship between plate tectonics and climate
the technology to measure seafloor spreading
the principle of uniformitarianism
the theory of continental drift
3 points
QUESTION 2
Describe what a subduction zone is and how subduction is related to the movement of lithospheric plates.
4 points
QUESTION 3
After Pangaea broke up, Laurasia consisted of
Asia and Africa
North America, Europe, and Asia
Africa, South America, and the Pacific Islands
Asia, Australia, and Antarctica
3 points
QUESTION 4
If an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is subducted under the continental one. What property of oceanic plates leads to this observation?
Oceanic plates are thicker than continental plates.
Oceanic plates are denser than continental plates.
Oceanic plates are older than continental plates.
Oceanic plates are made of lighter minerals than continental plates.
3 points
QUESTION 5
Which of the following is NOT an indication that all of Earths landmasses were once joined together and have subsequently split apart due to tectonic activity?
the shapes of the continents and how they appear to be pieces of a jigsaw puzzle
similarities between fossils in locations now separated by sea
similarities in rock structures between the east coast of North America and the west coast of Europe
similarities in vegetation between equatorial regions of different continents
3 points
QUESTION 6
If you placed a dot on a world map to represent the location of every earthquake in the last 100 years, where would you see earthquake activity most concentrated? Why is this so?
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4 points
QUESTION 7
Earthquake waves travel at different velocities through different parts of Earth. This difference is based mostly on
density differences among rock materials
the types of nearby plate boundaries
environmental conditions such as temperature and air pressure
whether or not the waves travel through water
3 points
QUESTION 8
On a seismic risk map, the color white is associated with
low earthquake risk
no earthquake risk
moderate earthquake risk
severe earthquake risk
3 points
QUESTION 9
Large waves of sea water triggered into motion by an earthquake are called
Raleigh waves
love waves
tsunamis
s-waves
3 points
QUESTION 10
Which of the following should you NOT do immediately after an earthquake?
seek communication with family members
turn on the lights
avoid candle use
all of the above
3 points
QUESTION 11
How do tectonic plates move in respect to each other at convergent plate boundaries?
move away from each other
move toward each other
move by sliding past each other
move by one plate being rifted from another
3 points
QUESTION 12
Explain how the formation of oceanic trenches and folded mountain belts on continents are related to convergent plate boundaries.
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4 points
QUESTION 13
Why are volcanoes common at convergent plate boundaries?
Stress builds up as one continent pushes against another one.
Due to subduction, rock material is melted in the mantle and then moves back upward as magma.
Continental plates get subducted at trench zones, causing the upward flow of magma.
The opening up of a mid-ocean ridge lets magma well up from the mantle.
3 points
QUESTION 14
Large ash flow eruptions are associated with which type of volcano?
shield volcanoes
stratovolcanoes (also called composite volcanoes)
lava domes
hotspots
3 points
QUESTION 15
What type of magma will have the most built-up pressure because of its high strength and viscosity?
recrystallized
basaltic
iron-rich
silica-rich
3 points
QUESTION 16
The zones where lithospheric plates moves apart from one another are called
divergent plate boundaries
convergent plate boundaries
transform plate boundaries
subduction boundaries
3 points
QUESTION 17
Describe the features of the mid-ocean ridge. How is the formation of the mid-ocean ridge related to plate tectonics?
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4 points
QUESTION 18
Heat flow from the ocean floor is highest at
trenches
broad, flat area
mid-ocean ridges
thick sediments
3 points
QUESTION 19
Which oceanic feature is associated with divergent plate seismicity?
volcanic arcs
hotspots
trenches
crest of the mid-ocean ridge
3 points
QUESTION 20
Continental rift zones are areas where the crust has been
compressed
uplifted and pulled apart
folded and faulted
fractured by reverse faults
3 points
QUESTION 21
The San Andreas Fault in California is caused by horizontal sliding of the Pacific Plate past the North American Plate. This is an example of a
spreading center
convergent plate boundary
subduction zone
transform plate boundary
3 points
QUESTION 22
How do transform plate boundaries contrast with divergent and convergent plate boundaries?
Transform plate boundaries do not result in the formation or consumption of lithosphere.
Transform plate boundaries result in more vertical displacement of lithosphere.
Transform plate boundaries have fracture zones associated with them.
Transform plate boundaries have less horizontal motion associated with them.
3 points
QUESTION 23
Which of the following famous transform fault systems produces large earthquakes in Canada?
North Anatolian
Alpine
Queen Charlotte
Chaman
3 points
QUESTION 24
Which of the following best describes earthquakes along transform plate boundaries?
common and large
common but small-scale
rare but large
rare and small-scale
3 points
QUESTION 25
What kind of activity produces metamorphic rocks at transform plate boundaries? What happens to cause the formation of new rocks at these locations?
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4 points
QUESTION 26
Isostatic adjustment refers to
the folding of continental lithosphere into a mountain range
the metamorphic changes that take place during plate convergence
the rising of land due to a change in mass and density after the removal of materials by erosion
the altering of rock material during tectonic movement
3 points
QUESTION 27
Which of the following best describes the topography of a continental shield?
relief generally over 1000 meters
relief generally at or about 1000 meters
relief generally over 10,000 meters
relief generally less than 100 meters
3 points
QUESTION 28
Which geologic province of North America is a place where the crust has been uplifted and extended, forming alternating areas of high elevation and low elevation?
Canadian Shield
Appalachian Ridge and Valley
Basin and Range
Snake River Plain
3 points
QUESTION 29
The Hawaiian Islands are part of a volcanic arc and are formed by volcanism at a convergent plate boundary.
True
False
2 points
QUESTION 30
A hotspot is a surface manifestation of a mantle plume.
True
False
2 points
QUESTION 31
Mantle plumes have not been observed directly. How do we infer that they exist?
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4 points
QUESTION 32
Which of the following environmental problems can be associated with volcanic eruptions?
acid rain
destruction of the ozone layer
both a and b
build up of photochemical smog
3 points
